Major+Events+of+the+Crusades


 * Major Events of the Crusades **


 * ** Timeline Key Dates ** || ** Crusades Timeline of Events ** ||
 * ** 1071 ** || ** Byzantine army is destroyed by Turks ** ||
 * ** 1071 - 1085 ** || ** Mercenary Seljuk Turks conquer Syria and Palestine. The City of Jerusalem is taken from the more civilised Saracen caliphs ** ||
 * ** 1085 - 1095 ** || ** 3000 Christian Pilgrims were massacred in Jerusalem and the Christian churches were destroyed or used as stables ** ||
 * ** 1095 ** || ** Emperor Alexius I sent an embassy to Pope Urban II regarding the atrocities in Jerusalem and the growing threat of the Turks to Constantinople and the whole of Europe ** ||
 * ** 1095 ** || ** Pope Urban II called a great council of the Church at Placentia, in Italy, to consider the appeal - decisions were deferred until later in the year ** ||
 * ** 1095 ** || ** Pope Urban II called a great council of clergy and nobles to meet at Clermont in France called the Council of Clermont. He called for a crusade against the Infidels ** ||
 * ** 1095-1096 ** || ** Peter the Hermit took up the cry "God wills it!" and ordinary people join in the 'People's Crusade' - most were unarmed ** ||
 * ** 1096 ** || ** Armed forces gathered at Constantinople to embark on the First Crusade ** ||
 * ** 1096 ** || ** Emperor Alexius I shipped the Peoples Crusade over the Bosphorus ** ||
 * ** 1096 ** || ** The Peoples Crusade were annihilated by the Turks in Anatolia ** ||
 * ** 1097 ** || ** Siege of Nicacea ** ||
 * ** 1097 ** || ** Battle of Dorylaeum ** ||
 * ** 1097-1098 ** || ** The Siege of Antioch ** ||
 * ** 1098 ** || ** Stephen of Blois and numerous French crusaders flee the siege of Antioch with news of the arrival of Emir Kerboga of Mosul ** ||
 * ** 1098 ** || ** Bohemond I, elder son of Robert Guiscard, led the capture of Antioch ** ||
 * ** 1098 ** || ** Emir Kerboga of Mosul and his army of 75,000 lays siege to the crusaders led by Bohemond ** ||
 * ** 1099 ** || ** The siege of Arqah, near Tripoli ** ||
 * ** 1098 ** || ** The Battle of Orontes. The First Crusade wins a victory forcing Emir Kerboga to lift the siege of Antioch ** ||
 * ** 1099 ** || ** Raymond of Toulouse leads the crusaders from Antioch and to Jerusalem ** ||
 * ** 1099 ** || ** The soldiers of the First Crusade successfully scale the walls of Jerusalem and take the Holy city ** ||
 * ** 1100 ** || ** Baudouin de Boulogne becomes the King of Jerusalem. He takes on the new name of Baudouin I. ** ||
 * ** 1146 ** || ** Bernard of Clairvaux insights the people for the second crusade. ** ||
 * ** 1147 ** || ** The second crusade begins. The knights templar adopts the red cross as their symbol. ** ||
 * ** 1148 ** || ** The Franks attempt to recapture Edesse from the muslims, and fail. ** ||
 * ** 1177 ** || ** The crusaders lose the battle of Montgisard which is located to the west of Jerusalem. ** ||
 * ** 1187 ** || ** Saladin defeats the crusaders and Jerusalem falls into the hands of the muslims. ** ||
 * ** 1189 ** || ** The third crusade is started led by King Richard and King Phillipe. ** ||
 * ** 1191 ** || ** Cyprus island is taken by the crusaders and Richard the Lionheart. ** ||
 * ** 1202 ** || ** The 4th crusade is started. ** ||
 * ** 1203 ** || ** The crusader besiege Constantinople and plunder it. ** ||
 * ** 1217 ** || ** The 5th crusade is started. ** ||
 * ** 1219 ** || ** The crusader take the city of Damiette. ** ||
 * ** 1221 ** || ** The crusaders lose at the battle of Al-Mansurah, located by Cairo. The crusaders also lose the city of Damiette. ** ||
 * ** 1228 ** || ** The 6th crusade begins. Jerusalem is recaptured by the crusaders. ** ||
 * ** 1239 ** || ** The crusaders lose at Gaza. ** ||
 * ** 1244 ** || ** The crusaders again lose Jerusalem. ** ||
 * ** 1248 ** || ** The 7th crusade is led by King Louis the IX. It was directed to Egypt. ** ||
 * ** 1249 ** || ** The crusaders retake Damiette. ** ||
 * ** 1250 ** || ** King Louis was captured and ransomed for Damiette and a large sum of money. ** ||
 * ** 1265 ** || ** The muslims take Cesaree and Arsuf. ** ||
 * ** 1270 ** || ** The 8th crusade begins. In the same year King Louis dies in the battle of Tunis. ** ||
 * ** 1271 ** || ** The 9th crusade begins, led by Prince Edward ** ||